List of Articles Research and Development

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  1 - Pharmaceutical Industry’s R&D in Developing Countries Case Study: India
  Seyede Sedighe Jalalpour Faranak Nadi
  10.7508/jstpi.2015.02.005
  Research and Development plays a key role in creating knowledge and technology, hence planning and investment in this area is too important for countries to keep their permanency of competitive advantages. For the time beingdeveloping countries from one side, aretypical More

  Research and Development plays a key role in creating knowledge and technology, hence planning and investment in this area is too important for countries to keep their permanency of competitive advantages. For the time beingdeveloping countries from one side, aretypicallyimportinghigh technologyfromdeveloped countries, and from the other sidein recent years supply of domestic healthcareneeds faced with new barriers such as high costof drugs and the emergence of new international. Consequently the situation leads to formation and enabling of domestic R&D in Pharmaceutical industry. this paper have considered the situation of Pharmaceutical industry’s R&D in developing countries and then examined the related theories, Having in mind the India’s achievements in Pharmaceutical industry through adoption and implementation of appropriate R&D policies,. India's experiences in Pharmaceutical industry especially in bio technology looked over and finally the pass through manner of India from 1947 till now is presented in a suitable framework. The framework’s features consist of types of R&D, forms of innovation (product or process) and the time with in each period. It may used as guidance for R&D activities in Pharmaceutical industry in other developing countries. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Proposing Conceptual Framework for Measuring Structural Capital in University
  Alireza Ghezel Majid Ramezan Mohammad reza Zahedi
  In a knowledge-based economy, products and companies live and die on information and the most successful companies are the ones who use their intangible assets better and faster. Organizations are aware that knowledge is their most valuable and strategic resource in the More

  In a knowledge-based economy, products and companies live and die on information and the most successful companies are the ones who use their intangible assets better and faster. Organizations are aware that knowledge is their most valuable and strategic resource in the present business environment. Knowledge management and intellectual capital approaches have become critical for universities, mainly due to the fact that universities’ main goals are the production and knowledge dissemination. Managers know they have to manage the process of learning and measure its outcomes and knowledge-based organizational resources, if they want to be competitive. Intellectual capital (IC) is a new approach which helps us face with barriers and problems of higher education system. It is the key successful element for knowledge-based organizations such as universities-. The managers of universities have to identify their IC, measure and manipulate it effectively. However, in the past few years, the problem of quantifying and accounting the value and explaining the components of the organization’s intellectual capital it has been questioned. Thus, this research tries to present indicators to measure structural capital (as one of the main parts of intellectual capital) by reviewing different frameworks in this field. At the end, we identified three Dimensions including Infrastructural Capital, Research and Development Capital, Knowledge Infrastructural Capital, using eight components and 50 indicators to measure these parameters. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Comparative Analytic Approach to Research & Development in Iran and Some Developed Countries
  Morteza Jamali Paghalue Ehsan Shafiezadeh
  20.1001.1.17355486.1391.8.31.3.6
  The importance of investment on Research and Development (R&D) has been assumed as a clear and obvious matter in advanced industrial countries, and today it is the R&D that will determine how to allocate the budget and financial issues. Now, investment in R&D units is c More

  The importance of investment on Research and Development (R&D) has been assumed as a clear and obvious matter in advanced industrial countries, and today it is the R&D that will determine how to allocate the budget and financial issues. Now, investment in R&D units is considered as a competitive advantage. Nowadays, only those countries are able to participate and survive on competitive challenges at the international levels which are determined consistently to employ the latest technologies and it cannot be obtained unless they possess dynamic and globally-adjusted R&D centers. In this paper, overviewing the literature of this regard, we go through the analysis and description of R&D success factors and its position in Iran and some developed countries such as Japan, USA, and China. Following an adaptive comparison, some solutions are portrayed to improve the place of research in Iran. In the first step, is the government via providing financial support, facilities, and encouraging and promising environment for the researchers, and in the second step, researchers should engage in innovation and service to our country via strengthening national loyalty and learning about the latest scientific methods in the world,. Especially universities -as thinker entities and society’s great scientific and cultural sources- must establish science-based approach as the dominant thought and endeavor toward applying the researches in the country. This will obtain through constant and proper communication between institutions and academic research centers, and spreading the culture of science and research among the public. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Corporate Entrepreneurship; a Solution for Commercialization of Technological Research Findings in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
  Reza Bandarian
  RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, indust More

  RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, industries which are in competitive environment, for sustainable growth require superior new products and technologies which enable them in competitive scope. Industries often have frequent financial and human resources and this leads to their advantage to commercialization process, because those assets provide possibility for adapting huge risk. The lost ring in this chain is the link between RTOs as the developer of technology and industries as the adapter of technology. Entrepreneurship could solve this problem by providing this lost ring and linking RTOs and industries. Corporate entrepreneurship is one of the entrepreneurship types and is defined as some entrepreneurship among the available corporate companies. Entrepreneurship looks for introducing new products and organizational systems in the scope of corporate. Entrepreneurship has five different kinds and each of them carries out entrepreneurship in its own style. Among these, Acquisitive and Opportunistic entrepreneurship have the highest fitness to enrich and enhance coexisting relation between industries and RTOs to commercialize technological findings. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Policy Making for R&D Centers According to Idea to Market Process; Case Study Iran Petroleum Industry
  Seyed mahameddin Tabatabaei
  Nowadays, R&D is becoming one of the most important pillars of corporations. But there are several different and diverse approaches regarding the structure and position of R&D department in corporations. Most of the large companies have in-house R&D department. Except More

  Nowadays, R&D is becoming one of the most important pillars of corporations. But there are several different and diverse approaches regarding the structure and position of R&D department in corporations. Most of the large companies have in-house R&D department. Except corporate R&D, also independent research and development organizations has been established in many countries to promote scientific and technological capabilities. Each of these two types of research and development organizations has a special mission then policy making for them requires a particular process. The aim of this paper is to policy making for research and development organizations according to idea to market process. For this purpose, first, the elements of idea to market process and then the types of research and development organizations, including corporate and non corporate were described. Then different types of structures of corporate R&D ( in large organization ) will be defined and policies for the duties and nature of their activities in centralized and decentralized sectors of corporate R&D (in hybrid R&D structures) based on the elements of the idea to market process are discussed. Next, the proposed principles for the oil industry as the country's largest industry, which has several research and development departments as a case study, have been applied and finally suggestions for improving research and development in the petroleum industry are presented. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The role of research and development in economic development of the countries
  Mahnaz Rabiei
  The cost of research and development and technology improvement result in cost decrease, productivity improvement and export growth. New Technologies cause enhancement in production factors and create further variations in productions. Furthermore, technologies create c More

  The cost of research and development and technology improvement result in cost decrease, productivity improvement and export growth. New Technologies cause enhancement in production factors and create further variations in productions. Furthermore, technologies create changes in comparative cost of production, and increase the comparative advantages in corporations and ultimately in the countries. Research, development and innovation costs, and new technologies allow corporations to improve their production abilities; thus resulting in capacity growth, cost reduction, quality improvement, and timely delivery. Unique characteristics of Innovation and new ideas are not challengeable. For example, achievements in a new method, will give others easier access, without causing interruptions to the previous users. Therefore, such products are produced once and can be mass-produced then after. In this article, the importance of research and development in the growth of value added through an endogenous growth is explained. While revising Romer's endogenous model of growth, a mathematic model for Iran's economic growth was made and the effects of R&D, spillovers resulted from R&D, labor force, physical capital and human resource based on OLS was evaluated. While considering the effects of innovation management in R&D improvement, other effects of innovation management were also analyzed. This article intends to analyze the effects of R&D throughout the country and innovation management within corporations to obtain economic growth Manuscript profile
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  7 - Explanation of Research and Developments Networking Effect in the Valus Improvement of SMEs
  Abass Khamse Reza Radfar
  In the recent years, importance and the role of small and medium enterprises was on the increase in industrial and developing countries. With the appearance of modern technology in the production and communications, some transitions have been created in the ways of prod More

  In the recent years, importance and the role of small and medium enterprises was on the increase in industrial and developing countries. With the appearance of modern technology in the production and communications, some transitions have been created in the ways of production, distribution and organizational structure of agencies, and in this regard the importance of small and medium units has been found an upward movement. Developed countries and recently developed ones, have always applied special policies and strategies for improvement of small and medium industries and facilitating of enterprises entrance in the economical arena. They have applied those strategies for the competitions guarantee in the free market and restraint of big companies monopolization. Networking is referred to groups of enterprises which have cooperation in the special project with each other, and are using their own specialties for overcoming the usual and common difficulties, and gaining access to better efficiency. Networks are propounded in the universal trading subjects as a strong situation and condition, and have considered in the modern trading realm since 90s. Its importance as assistance in the creation of innovations in small and medium enterprises has been considered increasingly. Because small and medium enterprises have similar bonds, difficulties and opportunities, so they are providing the same networking policy strategy, the suitable networking facilities that are proportional with necessities and requirements of small and medium enterprises. Furthermore, clustering and networking of small and medium enterprises are considered as an important informational source and ideas creation for the process and productions innovations. On the other hand, the related small and medium enterprises can have the continual research and development, in which total sum of expenses is less than the research and developments expenses of each one solitarily and separately. In addition, products development, processs recovery, common consultation and coordination in the processs recovery of small and medium enterprises, which have been located in the networking discipline, are more fruitful than the processing and consultation of the distinct small and medium enterprises.Adoption of standard certificates and their related codes for the networking organizations is more accessible and cheaper. Also the instructional networks are providing this possibility, for accessing to the continual educational sources, for all small and medium enterprises in the networks. And finally advantages which obtained from the formation of small and medium enterprises networks can fulfill their needs in relation to their entrance to the universal competition arena. In this essay it was tried to consider the role of research and development networking among the small and medium enterprises and study the opportunities and problems which obtained from that. Furthermore, we will discuss the advantages and benefits of clustering and networking among the small and medium enterprises. The creation of values which obtained from research and development networking in the success and development of small and medium enterprises in the competition market will be analyzed too. Manuscript profile
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  8 - The Role of R&D on Job Creation and Value Added of Small and Medium Enterprises
  Bita Faramarzpour Darzini Nasrin Khandan
  The organization economic co-operation and development (O.E.C.D) gives the definition of R&D as a creative work which is done based on systematic structure in order to find new usage out of technical and scientific resulted knowledge. Before the second world war, only a More

  The organization economic co-operation and development (O.E.C.D) gives the definition of R&D as a creative work which is done based on systematic structure in order to find new usage out of technical and scientific resulted knowledge. Before the second world war, only a few non-governmental institutions did research about industries. But at the time of the war, the R&D works developed quickly and the complexity of R&D works increased, so that resulted in improvement of new products. R&D importance and governments support and R&D proportion of GDP shows countries development ratio. In the present article, in order to have a better survey of R&Ds position and its network coincreasing ratio in Iran; at first librarian studies were done and some developed countries supporting samples were reviewed. All of them showed that relationship and network creation between R&D units in governmental and nongovernmental sectors in our country, accompanied with the relationship between industry and university. This, can be practical in the best way in form of reinforcing of technology and science parks model. Then the R&D position is studied in Kerman industries. According to managers opinions, many of them emphasized R&D and started to build R&D units and they believed, it is so effective in profitability and value creation. But the important point is the supporting role of the government and the better effort to make the result of the researches applicable and the works of R&D in form of network. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Determining the Priorities in Science Parks by Using Fuzzy DEMATEL Case Study of Sheikh-Bahai Science and Technology Park
  mohammad ebrahim sadeghi asghat saud abadi saeed mirza mohammadi Mohammad mahdavi
  10.7508/jstpi.2015.01.006
  Science parks are known tools for incubation of knowledge-based firms. Recently, policy makers of science and technology of our country has paid attention to these institutions. The topic of this research was investigating the impact of these institutions on the develop More

  Science parks are known tools for incubation of knowledge-based firms. Recently, policy makers of science and technology of our country has paid attention to these institutions. The topic of this research was investigating the impact of these institutions on the development of knowledge-based companies and identifying the key factors resulting in earning competitive advantages by located firms. After reviewing many researches in this field of study, key effective factors were identified and by using the experts, these factors were revised according to the circumstance of our country and placed in a proper framework. The framework consists of four aspects including: “human resource”, “R&D and technology transfer”, “facilities” and “market development” and twelve factors. The framework applied in Sheikh Bahai Science and Technology Park and the results obtained showed that in this park, facilities aspect needs special attention. This aspect had the highest significance in quadruple aspects and was the only aspect affecting Sheikh Bahai Science and Technology Park. Other aspects such as, “human resource”, “R&D and technology transfer”, and “market development” were effects of the aspects. The results of this research show that the development of knowledge based firms located in this park depends on facilities such as financial resources and primary physical infrastructure than human resource, research activities and marketing services. We suggest using this framework to find the aspects and factors influential the creation of competitive advantages and determining the action and planning priorities for other science and technology parks in Iran. Manuscript profile
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  10 - The Index of Research and Development Capabilities in the BRICS Countries (Brazil, Russia, India, china, the South Africa)
  Sina Laleh
  10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.006
  Today, research and development and related activities in order to access the modern technology is major industrial activity in the world. Despite the increasing importance of research and development activities in developed countries in the last thirty years, developin More

  Today, research and development and related activities in order to access the modern technology is major industrial activity in the world. Despite the increasing importance of research and development activities in developed countries in the last thirty years, developing countries have recently realized its integral importance. Actually, technology is an output of the research and development factory.The research and development units are infrastructure of technology and the greatest source of innovation. There are Various procedure to achive technology that reverse engineering is one of the most important. (especially in developing countries) In this essay, addition to review the literature of "research and development" and the factors affecting its capabilities, experiences of leading countries in this field (BRICS) will be checked in order to design a conceptual model to assess the research and development capabilities. In the end, we present some pieces of advice to reduce the problems and increase the quality and quantity level of R&D. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Analysis of the factors affecting R & D management and rank the factors with ANP techniques in the automotive industry (Case Study: Pars Khodro Company)
  Abass Khamse shohreh ghanbariha fereydon ohadi
  10.7508/jstpi.2017.02.006
  20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.50.4.0
  This study developed in 8 of the R & D management model to analyze the factors affecting the Pars Khodro Company will pay R & D management. And determines the performance of the company. . -Pymayshy Descriptive research and data gathering instrument was a questionnaire More

  This study developed in 8 of the R & D management model to analyze the factors affecting the Pars Khodro Company will pay R & D management. And determines the performance of the company. . -Pymayshy Descriptive research and data gathering instrument was a questionnaire which its validity with the judgment of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and SPSS software. Due to the limited population of the study, the total number method is used to rank the factors affecting the management of research and development in Pars Khodro Company of paired comparisons with ANP techniques using software is used SUPER DECISIONS. The results obtained from the software indicates that financial factors were ranked first and managerial factors responsible for learning and innovation, technological platforms, operating commercial, technical factors, the operating system have won the next rank. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Providing a model of indigenous R&D activities in new product development (Case Study:dairy industry)
  seyed rohollah faraji hossein adab jalal haghighat monfared
  10.52547/jstpi.34024.18.72.40
  20.1001.1.17355486.1401.18.72.6.1
  The present era is the era of knowledge and technology. In such circumstances, companies will be successful in using research and development activities in technical and economic fields and recognizing the existing local conditions to develop a strategy for the developm More

  The present era is the era of knowledge and technology. In such circumstances, companies will be successful in using research and development activities in technical and economic fields and recognizing the existing local conditions to develop a strategy for the development and design of new products.The purpose of this research is to present a conceptual model of indigenous research and development activities in new product development in the dairy industry. This research is applied in terms of results and is an exploratory research in terms of purpose. The qualitative part approach is based on the Grand Theory strategy. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview with 18 managers and experts in the field of research and development in the dairy industry. Sampling was performed in a purposeful and judgmental manner. The results are about causal conditions, internal and external Organizational trends.The main phenomenon is the indigenous of research and development activities. Interfering factors included organizational capabilities, legal factors, management potential and attitudes, and changes in the public environment. Underlying factors are the structure of the idea and the product, the market structure of the industry, the consumer approach, the institutional basis of research and development. Strategies include research and development knowledge mechanisms, training and human resources,financial resources, risk management, competitive and strategic mechanisms, coping with institutional weakness and customer focus. Implications also include improving the company's financial indicators, offering new products and services, improving position and productivity,exporting and upgrading indigenous knowledge and skills. Manuscript profile